圖解・跨境鎮壓 Transnational Repression

「跨境鎮壓」四個字聽上去很遙遠,但其實就發生在日常生活中,根據美國聯邦調查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI)簡要的定義 1,「當外國政府在美國對人進行跟蹤、恐嚇或襲擊時,即被視為跨境鎮壓(When foreign governments stalk, intimidate, or assault people in the United States, it is considered transnational repression.)」。
換句話說,跨境鎮壓對象不一定是發生國家之公民,舉凡任何人在某國受到非當地政府的鎮壓,即可認定為跨境鎮壓。聯邦調查局以美國為例進一步解釋,被鎖定的對象可能是居住在美國的他國公民、已入籍美國者、在美出生但有家人在他國者,或是任何與他國有關聯者。
國際人權組織「自由之家」(Freedom House)指,「跨境鎮壓」用以描述各國如何使其海外流亡人士、流散社群噤聲(”Transnational repression” is a term used to describe how countries silence their exiles and diasporas abroad.)2。「這是對世界各地平民的日常性攻擊(It is a daily assault on civilians everywhere)」3,自由之家長期關注、研究跨境鎮壓。
……(全文詳看《如水》第十三期)

- Transnational Repression(https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/counterintelligence/transnational-repression) ↩︎
- Perspectives on “Everyday” Transnational Repression in an Age of Globalization(https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/perspectives-everyday-transnational-repression-age-globalization#:~:text=Perspectives%20on%20) ↩︎
- Transnational Repression – Understanding and Responding to Global Authoritarian Reach(https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression) ↩︎



